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Calcium lignosulfonate (referred to as wood calcium) is a multi-component high molecular polymer anionic surfactant, the appearance is light yellow to dark brown powder, with a slight aromatic smell, the molecular weight is generally between 800 and 10,000, and has a strong Strong dispersibility, cohesion and chelation. Usually from acid pulping (or known as sulphite pulping) cooking waste, spray-dried. May contain up to 30% reducing sugars. Soluble in water, but insoluble in any common organic solvents. The pH value of its 1% aqueous solution is about 4-6. Soluble in water, slightly acidic, good stability. Avoid prolonged contact with skin.
Calcium lignosulphonate, also known as calcium lignosulphonate and calcium lignosulphonate, is a multi-component polymer anionic surfactant prepared from sulfite pulp waste liquid through lime water sedimentation, acid dissolution, filtration and impurity removal, filtrate concentration, spray drying and other processes. Its chemical formula is C ₂₀ H ₂₄ CaO ₁₀ S ₂, with a molecular weight range of 800-10000. It appears as a light yellow to dark brown powder with a slight aromatic odor. It is soluble in water but insoluble in ordinary organic solvents, with a pH value of 4-6 (1% aqueous solution).
1. Efficient water reduction and water-saving efficiency enhancement
It is one of the core components of concrete water reducing agent. When the dosage is 0.25% -0.3% of cement mass, it can reduce water consumption by 10% -14% and significantly improve the workability of concrete. Its mechanism of action is based on surface activity characteristics: hydrophobic groups are directionally adsorbed on the surface of cement particles, causing them to carry negative charges. Through charge repulsion, the particles are dispersed and free water in the flocculation structure is released, thereby achieving a water reduction effect.
For example, in the construction of large volume concrete, adding calcium lignosulfonate can reduce hydration heat, reduce the risk of temperature cracks, and improve concrete strength (compressive strength increases by more than 25% at 3-7 days and strength increases by more than 15% at 28 days).
2. Maintenance of slump and adaptability to construction
Under high temperature conditions in summer, the slump loss of concrete is relatively fast. Micro air entrainment can be used to introduce uniformly distributed micropores, delay water evaporation, and maintain slump stability. In addition, its retarding properties can delay the peak time of hydration heat and reduce the temperature stress of large volume concrete, making it suitable for projects such as dams and bridges.
In pumped concrete, calcium lignosulphonate can significantly enhance fluidity, reduce pumping resistance, and improve construction efficiency.
3. Economic benefits and environmental advantages
The use of this substance can save 8% -10% of cement usage and reduce material costs. Taking 1 ton of WN-1 type water reducer (containing calcium lignosulphonate) as an example, 24 tons of cement can be saved, with significant economic benefits. Meanwhile, its raw materials are sourced from sulfite pulp waste liquid, which belongs to the industrial waste resource utilization and conforms to the concept of green chemistry.
Metallurgical field: bonding of mineral powder and improvement of recovery rate
1. Mineral powder pellet binder
In the smelting industry, mixing with mineral powder to make mineral powder balls, drying them and then smelting them in the kiln can significantly improve the metal recovery rate. Its bonding mechanism originates from active functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups in the molecule, which combine with the surface of mineral powder through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces to form a stable structure. For example, in the production of iron ore pellets, adding 2% -3% calcium lignosulphonate can increase the strength of the pellets by more than 30% and reduce dust loss during the smelting process.
2. Performance enhancement of refractory materials
When manufacturing refractory bricks and tiles, as a dispersant and binder, it can improve the workability of the clay material and reduce cracking. Its functions include:
Water reducing effect: reduce mud viscosity and improve fluidity;
Enhancement effect: By bridging the molecular chains, the strength of the brick is enhanced;
Crack prevention effect: evenly disperse stress and reduce drying shrinkage cracks.
Experiments have shown that adding 1% calcium lignosulfonate to refractory bricks can increase their flexural strength by 20% and improve their firing qualification rate to over 95%.
Ceramic field: Green body strengthening and firing optimization
1. Improvement of green strength
It can reduce the carbon content in ceramic slurry, minimize firing defects, and enhance the strength of the green body. For example, in the production of daily-use ceramics, adding 0.5% -1% calcium lignosulphonate can increase the flexural strength of the green body from 3MPa to 5MPa, reducing the damage rate during transportation.
2. Improvement of mud fluidity
Through surface activity, the viscosity of the slurry can be reduced and the efficiency of injection molding can be improved.
In the production of sanitary ceramics, the flowability of the slurry is increased by 40% after mixing, the grouting time is shortened by 30%, and the yield rate is increased from 70% to 90%.
3. Shorten the firing cycle
It can promote the discharge of pores during the firing process and accelerate the mass transfer process. Experiments have shown that in the production of architectural ceramics, the firing time has been reduced from 70 minutes to 40 minutes, resulting in a 25% decrease in energy consumption.
Agricultural field: Feed adhesion and improvement of breeding efficiency
1. Increased strength of feed pellets
As a feed adhesive, it can enhance particle durability and reduce micro powder generation during transportation and feeding processes. For example, adding 4% calcium lignosulphonate to animal feed can increase particle hardness by 50%, reduce micro powder content by 30%, and reduce feed waste.
2. palatability and breeding efficiency
Its aromatic aroma can improve the palatability of feed and increase the feed intake of livestock and poultry. In broiler breeding experiments, the addition of calcium lignosulphonate to feed increased daily weight gain by 8% and feed conversion rate by 6%.
3. Regulatory compliance
The United States and Canada allow the addition of up to 4% calcium lignosulphonate in feed, demonstrating its internationally recognized safety.
1. Dust control and soil stability
It can adsorb onto the surface of dust particles and suppress dust through the action of charges. Spraying 0.5% -1% calcium lignosulphonate solution during road construction can reduce dust concentration by more than 70%. In addition, its binding effect with soil particles can enhance soil cohesion and reduce soil erosion.
2. Mineral processing and mining assistance
As a beneficiation agent, mineral impurities can be separated through chelation. In copper ore flotation, adding 0.2% calcium lignosulfonate can increase the concentrate grade by 5% and the recovery rate by 3%.
3. Carbon black granulation and dye dispersion
In the production of carbon black, as a granulation agent, it can make the particle size distribution of carbon black more uniform and improve its flowability by 30%. In the dye industry, its dispersing effect can improve the dye coloring rate and reduce wastewater discharge.
4. Exploration of new applications
Water coal slurry additive: improves the stability of coal slurry and reduces viscosity;
Asphalt emulsifier: improves the adhesion between asphalt and aggregate;
Oil well grouting gel agent: enhance the formation plugging effect.
Calcium lignosulfonat is a natural organic acid salt compound derived from lignin. It has good thermal stability and water solubility, and is widely used in construction materials, chemical industry and other fields.
1. Selection of raw materials:
The raw materials of LSACa mainly come from natural plant biomass such as cellulose and lignocellulose. These raw materials are rich in lignin and are the main source of LSACa. In the actual production process, different types of lignin raw materials can be selected for synthesis, such as hardwood, softwood, sawdust, etc. These raw materials have certain differences in lignin content and structural characteristics, which have a certain impact on the synthesis process. In addition, it is also necessary to select appropriate acid and basic reactants. The acidic reactants are mainly used for the separation and purification of lignin, while the basic reactants are used for the synthesis of LSACa.
2. the control of reaction conditions:
The synthesis reaction of LSACa mainly includes steps such as lignin separation, sulfation, and calcium salt exchange. During the reaction process, the reaction temperature, pH value, and reaction time need to be controlled. For different raw materials and reaction conditions, the control conditions of the reaction will also be different. Generally speaking, during the separation process of lignin, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of acidic solvent for dissolution, and then separate by Fehling reaction, copper nitrate reagent and other methods. In the sulfation reaction, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and control the reaction temperature at 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 1-2 hours. In the calcium salt exchange reaction, an appropriate amount of calcium salt solution needs to be added for reaction, the reaction temperature is controlled at 50-60°C, and the reaction time is 2-3 hours. At the same time, a certain amount of precipitant needs to be added for precipitation and separation.
3. Crystallization separation:
After the reaction, LSACa needs to be crystallized and separated to obtain a product with higher purity. The crystallization separation process needs to control factors such as crystallization conditions and solvent selection to improve the purity and yield of the product. Generally speaking, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of water after the reaction to make the concentration of the reaction solution between 10-15%, and then gather and crystallize through stirring, cooling and other processes. During the crystallization process, some crystallization-promoting solvents and additives, such as methanol, acetone, ethanol, etc., can be added in an appropriate amount to improve the purity and crystal form of the product.
In summary, the synthesis method of Calcium lignosulfonate involves many aspects of technology and experimental control, requires certain chemical knowledge and experimental skills, and gradually optimizes the reaction conditions through experiments and tests to improve the purity and yield of the product to meet Application requirements in different fields.
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