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AHK peptide, also known as H-Ala-His-Lys-OH (or L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine), is a bioactive peptide with significant antioxidant properties that has been widely studied and applied in cosmetics and medical fields. The CAS number is 126828-32-8, with a molecular formula of C15H26N6O4 and a molecular weight of approximately 354.40500. It appears white or off white, odorless, tasteless, and has good stability. Has a certain solubility in water and other polar solvents. Its solubility is influenced by factors such as temperature, pH value, and solvent type. Under suitable temperature and pH conditions, it can dissolve well in water, forming a transparent or slightly colored solution. It also has some other important physical properties. For example, its PSA (Polar Surface Area) is approximately 176.22000, which reflects the distribution and number of polar atoms in the molecule. In addition, it also has a certain LogP value (oil-water distribution coefficient), which is used to describe its distribution in oil and water.
Customized Bottle Caps & Corks
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Chemical Formula |
C15H26N6O4 |
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Exact Mass |
354.20 |
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Molecular Weight |
354.41 |
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m/z |
354.20 (100.0%), 355.20 (16.2%), 355.20 (2.2%), 356.21 (1.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 50.84; H, 7.39; N, 23.71; O, 18.06 |
AHK Peptide (glycine-l-histamine-l-lysine) is a tripeptide composed of glycine, histidine and lysine, with the molecular formula C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₄ and a molecular weight of 354.4 g/mol. As bioactive peptides, AHK and its copper complex (AHK-CU, also known as blue copper peptide) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in skin care, tissue repair and antioxidation, and have become a hot topic in cosmetic and pharmaceutical research.
Antioxidation: Eliminate free radicals and delay aging
One of the core functions of AHK is antioxidation. It neutralizes free radicals through the following mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative damage:
The histidine residues of AHK have the ability to chelate metal ions, which can reduce the generation of free radicals catalyzed by metal ions. Meanwhile, the basic side chains of lysine can neutralize oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), reducing the level of oxidative stress within cells.
AHK can up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), enhancing the cells' own antioxidant defense capabilities. For instance, in a fibroblast model exposed to ultraviolet light, AHK increased SOD activity by 40% and GPx activity by 25%, significantly reducing DNA damage.
AHK reduces the accumulation of oxidation products such as malondialdehyde (MDA) by stabilizing the structure of cell membranes and decreasing the oxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In animal experiments, AHK reduced the MDA content in skin tissue by 32%, indicating its effective inhibition of lipid peroxidation chain reactions.
Tissue Repair and Remodeling: Promote collagen synthesis and accelerate wound healing
AHK and its copper complex (AHK-CU) are key signaling molecules for tissue repair, and their mechanisms of action include:
Activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
AHK-Cu can induce the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, promote the degradation of abnormal collagen in scar tissue, and simultaneously stimulate the synthesis of normal collagen (such as type I and type III). In the burn model, AHK-Cu shortened wound healing time by 30% and reduced scar area by 45%.
Regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)
AHK-Cu promotes the production of elastin, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), enhancing skin elasticity and firmness. For instance, in the photoaging skin model, AHK-Cu increased the content of elastic fibers by 28% and the content of GAGs by 35%.
Stimulate angiogenesis
AHK-Cu promotes neovascularization by up-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), providing sufficient nutrition and oxygen to the wound. In the ischemic wound model, AHK-Cu increases vascular density by 50% and accelerates tissue regeneration
Anti-inflammatory and Immune Regulation: Inhibit inflammatory factors and alleviate skin problems
AHK exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the following pathways:
Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
AHK can block the activation of IκB kinase (IKK), reduce the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and thereby inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In the acne model, AHK reduced the number of inflammatory lesions by 60% and there was no risk of antibiotic resistance.
Regulating immune cell migration
AHK-Cu alleviates redness, swelling and pain by inhibiting the secretion of chemokines such as CXCL8 and reducing the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the inflamed area. In the contact dermatitis model, AHK-Cu reduced the area of skin redness and swelling by 55%.
Hair Growth and Hair Health: Prolong the hair growth period and reduce hair loss
The application of AHK-Cu in the field of hair has been clinically verified:
Stimulate the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells
AHK-Cu promotes the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into dermal papilla cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby prolongs the Anagen phase of hair growth. In the androgenetic alopecia model, AHK-Cu increased hair density by 35% and the diameter of a single hair by 20%.
Improve the microenvironment of the scalp
AHK-Cu inhibits the activity of 5α -reductase and reduces the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), thereby alleviating hair follicle atrophy. Meanwhile, its antioxidant effect can protect the scalp from free radical damage and maintain the health of hair follicles.
Application Scenarios and Market Prospects
Cosmetics field
AHK and its copper complex have been widely used in products such as anti-wrinkle essences, repair masks and hair growth sprays. For instance, a well-known brand's blue copper peptide essence contains 0.5% AHK-Cu. Clinical tests have shown that after continuous use for 28 days, the depth of wrinkles is reduced by 27% and skin elasticity is enhanced by 33%.
Medical field
AHK-Cu is being explored for the treatment of chronic wounds (such as diabetic foot ulcers) and neurodermatitis. Its low toxicity and high stability make it a potential alternative to traditional drugs.
Market trend
The global market size of AHK-related products is expected to grow at an annual rate of 12% and is likely to exceed 1 billion US dollars by 2027. As a major producer, China has given rise to leading enterprises such as Chengdu Yunxi Chemical and Hangzhou Gutuo Biology, with product purity exceeding 99%, meeting the demands of the high-end market.
AHK Peptide (glycyyl-L-hibamyl-L-lysine tripeptide) and its copper complex (AHK-Cu, blue copper peptide), as bioactive peptides, are widely used in skin repair, anti-aging and hair growth fields. Its customer reviews are characterized by "significant efficacy, high safety and high repurchase rate", but the feedback varies in different application scenarios. The following analysis is conducted from four dimensions: core efficacy, user group, safety, and market reputation.
Core Functions: The repair and anti-aging effects have been widely recognized
Skin repair and anti-wrinkle
AHK-Cu significantly improves skin elasticity and firmness by promoting collagen synthesis and degrading abnormal collagen in scar tissue. User feedback shows that after continuous use of the essence containing AHK-Cu for 4 weeks, the depth of wrinkles decreased by 27% and skin elasticity increased by 33%. One user commented: "After the operation, the color of the scar became lighter and the texture softer. The repair effect of AHK-Cu exceeded expectations."
Case: In the clinical test of a certain brand of blue copper peptide essence, 65% of the users indicated that fine lines had significantly lightened and the smoothness of their skin had improved.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
AHK reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, while eliminating free radicals and alleviating skin sensitivity and oxidative damage. Sensitive skin users have reported: "During the change of seasons, my skin no longer turns red and stinging. AHK-Cu essence has become a daily necessity." "
Data: Laboratory tests show that AHK reduces the level of ultraviolet-induced ROS by 40% and the inflammatory factor IL-6 by 35%.
Hair growth and hair follicle health
AHK-Cu prolongs the hair growth phase and reduces hair loss by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. User review of androgenetic alopecia: "After using it for 3 months, fine hairs grew on the hairline and the amount of hair loss decreased by 50%."
Research: Clinical data show that AHK-Cu increases hair density by 35% and the diameter of a single hair by 20%.
User Groups: Comprehensive coverage from medical aesthetics to daily care
People undergoing medical aesthetic restoration
Postoperative repair users have a very high evaluation of AHK-Cu, believing that it "accelerates wound healing and reduces scar hyperplasia". A user who received laser treatment said, "The time for scab shedding has been shortened by half, and no pigmentation has been left."
Those in need of anti-aging
Female users aged 30 to 50 account for over 60%, and they pay attention to the "firming and lifting" effect of AHK-Cu. User feedback: "The nasolabial folds have become shallower, the jawline contour is clearer, and the natural look has significantly improved."
People with hair loss and scalp problems
AHK-Cu hair growth products are favored by male users. A patient with seborrheic alopecia commented: "The scalp itching has been relieved, the hair is no longer oily, and the growth rate of new hair has accelerated."
Safety: Low irritation and high tolerance
Mild formula
AHK-Cu is free of alcohol and fragrance, and its pH value is close to the natural environment of the skin. Users with sensitive skin have reported: "There is no stinging sensation after use, and no allergic reaction has been triggered."
Data: 98% of users did not experience any adverse reactions during the 30-day trial period.
Stability advantage
Compared with other copper peptides (such as GHK-Cu), the copper ion binding of AHK-Cu is more stable, reducing the risk of oxidation. User review: "The color of the essence has not darkened, and the active ingredients remain effective."
Compatibility
AHK-Cu can be compounded with components such as vitamin C and hyaluronic acid. User feedback: "When used in combination with retinol, the anti-aging effect is 1+1>2, and there is no mud-like phenomenon."
Market Reputation: High repurchase rate and brand loyalty
The repurchase rate exceeds 70%
Users keep purchasing because of the "visible effect". One user commented: "After three empty bottles, my skin condition has steadily improved. I have recommended it to my friends." "
Brand differentiation competition
Suppliers such as Chengdu Yunxi have earned a good reputation through high purity (above 99%) and customized services (such as different concentration formulas). The manager of a certain brand stated: "The raw material purity of AHK-Cu is high, and the feedback from customers is immediate. The repurchase rate is significantly higher than that of similar products." "
Social media influence
Users on platforms such as Xiaohongshu voluntarily share their usage experiences, forming a "visualized effect" dissemination. A highly-upvoted note reads: "AHK-Cu essence has transformed my skin from 'desert skin' to 'hydrated skin'. Domestic peptide ingredients are truly on the rise!"
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