Pamoic acid , also known as hexadecanoic acid, has the molecular formula CH3(CH2)14COOH. Exist in palm oil, Japanese wax, Chinese vegetable oil, and catalpa seed oil. It is generally believed that the occurrence and development of NAFLD may be caused by the excessive accumulation of free fatty acids in plasma, especially saturated fatty acids, which are an essential member of the saturated fatty acid family. Current studies have shown that it can cause oxidative stress in cells by impairing the normal function of the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain. On the other hand, it has been confirmed that the activation of NOX4 by PA is involved in the insulin resistance of hepatocytes and the damage and dysfunction of endothelial cells and leads to the inflammatory response of hepatocytes by promoting the release of IL-8.
As a long-chain saturated fatty acid, it is an essential component of blood lipids and participates in the occurrence of NAFLD. Under normal circumstances, mitochondria can decompose excess fatty acids in cells through fatty acid β-oxidation and generate ATP for energy. At the same time, the electronic respiratory chain also generates a certain amount of ROS. The excessive production of ROS will cause damage to mitochondrial structure and function, damage the electronic respiratory chain function, further enhance the cellular oxidative stress response, and lead to fatty acid decomposition dysfunction, so that fatty acids are deposited in the cytoplasm. In the hepatocytes, apparent deposition of fat granules was observed in hepatocytes, and the production of total cellular ROS and mitochondrial-derived ROS was significantly increased, confirming that PA can induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and lead to hepatocyte steatosis.
Mainly used as a surfactant, when used as a non-ionic, it can be used in polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate and sorbitan monopalmitate. The former is made into a lipophilic emulsifier used in cosmetics. In medicine, the latter can be used as an emulsifier for cosmetics, treatment, and food, as a dispersant for pigment inks, and as a defoaming agent; when used as an anionic type, it can be made into sodium palmitate and used as a raw material for fatty acid soap, and a plastic emulsifier. Etc; Propyl ester is a cosmetic oil phase raw material, which can be used to make lip balm, various creams, hair oil, hair cream, etc.; others such as methyl palmitate can be used as lubricant additives, surfactant raw materials; PVC slip agent, etc.; Raw materials for candles, soaps, greases, synthetic detergents, softeners, etc.; used as spices, which are allowed to be used in my country's GB2760-1996 regulations; also used as food defoamers.
In addition, when the predecessors identified the components of wheat root exudates by GC-MS analysis, they found that it was the main component. It could inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic fungi and nematodes and effectively improve the soil environment. In addition, it can promote the growth of watermelon, cucumber, and tomato plants. Different concentrations of which have other effects on soil chemical properties. Lower concentrations of organic acids such as n-alkanoic acid, hydroxy acid, and acetoxy acid can promote the reproduction of microorganisms, while at high concentrations, they have inhibitory effects. The lower concentration of which is beneficial for increasing the content of available soil phosphorus. The higher concentration of it is not conducive to accumulating available soil phosphorus. The reason may be that the response of microorganisms driving soil phosphorus to different concentrations is different, resulting in further accumulation of soil available phosphorus.
Soil phosphatase was involved in converting soil phosphorus, and the activity of neutral phosphatase in soil treated with 0.5 mmol·kg was the highest. When the movement of tepid phosphatase increases, available soil phosphorus accumulates to a certain extent, so it can promote the conversion of organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphorus by increasing the activity of neutral phosphatase and improving the content of available phosphorus to a certain extent, at the same time, it may also be that palmitic promotes the reproduction of phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms in the watermelon rhizosphere, and converts insoluble phosphate into soluble phosphate, increasing in soil biologically available phosphorus content. It has an inhibitory effect on soil's available potassium content. With the increase of which concentration, the content of soil available potassium gradually decreased. The higher the concentration of Pamoic acid, the lower the range of available potassium. The incidence of watermelon fusarium wilt was positively correlated with the content of soil available potassium.