Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H16N2O8. It is a white powder at normal temperature and pressure, odorless, tasteless, colorless crystalline powder, with a melting point of 250 ℃ (decomposition). It is insoluble in ethanol and general organic solvents, slightly soluble in cold water, and soluble in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ammonia. It can be soluble in more than 5% inorganic acid, ammonia water and 160 phr boiling water. Its alkali metal salt is soluble in water. It is a chelating agent that can combine with divalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+and Fe2+. Because most nucleases and some proteases require Mg2+, they are often used as inhibitors of nucleases and proteases; It can also be used to remove the inhibition of heavy metal ions on enzymes.
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Chemical Formula |
C10H16N2O8 |
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Exact Mass |
292.09 |
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Molecular Weight |
292.24 |
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m/z |
292.09 (100.0%), 293.09 (10.8%), 294.09 (1.6%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.10; H, 5.52; N, 9.59; O, 43.80 |
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an important organic compound that appears as a white powder at room temperature and pressure. EDTA has demonstrated extensive application value in multiple fields due to its unique chelating properties.
1. Water treatment agent
Softening water quality: EDTA is an excellent chelating agent for calcium and magnesium ions, which can form stable water-soluble complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in water, effectively preventing scaling of equipment such as boilers and cooling water systems, improving thermal efficiency, and extending equipment service life. For example, in boiler water softening, EDTA is often used as a softener to reduce the formation of scale by chelating calcium and magnesium ions.
Heavy metal removal: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can also form stable complexes with heavy metal ions (such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, etc.) in water, which helps to remove heavy metal pollution and protect water resources. In the electroplating solution, EDTA serves as a chelating agent, which can chelate metal ions and improve the quality of electroplating; Meanwhile, it can also serve as a pH regulator to stabilize the acidity and alkalinity of the electroplating solution.
2. Detergent additive
Hard water softening: In detergents, EDTA chelates calcium and magnesium ions in hard water to reduce their interference with the effective ingredients of the detergent and improve the washing effect. For example, adding EDTA to soap can reduce the hardness of water, making soap more prone to foaming and achieving better cleaning results.
Stability performance: EDTA can also improve the stability of detergents, prevent sedimentation, layering and other phenomena during storage and use, and extend the shelf life of detergents.
3. Paper Chemicals
Fiber processing: In the papermaking process, EDTA serves as a fiber processing aid, which can improve the wettability and dispersibility of fibers, enhance the whiteness and strength of paper. At the same time, it can also reduce scaling in the steamer and improve the operating efficiency of papermaking equipment.
Bleach fixing: In the processing of color photosensitive materials, EDTA is an important component of bleach fixing solution, which can remove residual silver salts and other impurities on the photosensitive material, making the image clearer and more stable.
4. Oilfield chemicals
Drilling fluid treatment: In the process of oilfield drilling, EDTA can be used as an additive in drilling fluid to chelate calcium and magnesium ions in the drilling fluid, stabilize the performance of the drilling fluid, prevent sedimentation, agglomeration and other phenomena under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and ensure the smooth progress of drilling operations.
Oil layer protection: EDTA can also form complexes with metal ions in the oil layer, reducing the pollution and damage of metal ions to the oil layer and protecting oil layer resources.
5. Polymer Chemistry Industry
Aggregation activator: In the polymerization process of polymer materials such as styrene butadiene latex, EDTA serves as a polymerization activator, which can chelate metal ions in the polymerization reaction, improve the rate and efficiency of the polymerization reaction, and enhance the properties of the polymerization product.
Reaction termination agent: In the production process of fibers such as acrylic, EDTA can be used as a polymerization termination agent to chelate the catalyst metal ions in the polymerization reaction, quickly stopping the polymerization reaction and controlling the molecular weight distribution and properties of the polymerization product.
Daily chemical industry
1. Cosmetic additives
Stability performance: In cosmetics, EDTA acts as a metal ion chelating agent, which can chelate trace metal ions (such as iron, copper, etc.) in cosmetics, prevent these metal ions from catalyzing adverse reactions such as oil oxidation and pigment decomposition in cosmetics, and improve the stability and shelf life of cosmetics.
Skin protection: EDTA can also reduce the irritation and damage of metal ions in cosmetics to the skin, protecting skin health. For example, adding EDTA to skincare products can reduce skin allergies, inflammation, and other issues caused by metal ions.
2. Perm hair conditioner
Improving hair quality: In perm hair care agents, EDTA chelates hard water components such as calcium and magnesium ions in the hair, reducing their interference with the effective ingredients of the perm agent and improving the perm effect. At the same time, it can also improve the softness and glossiness of hair, making it healthier and more beautiful.
Medical field
1. Blood anticoagulant
Preventing coagulation: EDTA is an effective blood anticoagulant that can chelate calcium ions in the blood, block and terminate endogenous or exogenous coagulation processes, thereby preventing blood specimen coagulation. In hematological testing, EDTA is often used as an anticoagulant for collecting and preserving blood samples. However, it should be noted that EDTA is not suitable for coagulation tests and platelet function tests, nor for the determination of calcium and potassium ions and PCR tests.
Stability performance: EDTA, as an anticoagulant, can also improve the stability of blood samples, reduce deterioration and damage during storage and transportation, and ensure the accuracy of test results.
2. Heavy metal detoxifier
Treatment of poisoning: EDTA can be used to treat patients with heavy metal poisoning, such as lead, cadmium, and other heavy metal poisoning. By injecting EDTA intravenously or intramuscularly, toxic ions present in the body can form stable complexes with EDTA and be excreted through urine, thereby achieving detoxification. This treatment is called chelation therapy and is one of the important applications of EDTA in the pharmaceutical field.
Reduce excessive calcium: EDTA also helps to reduce excessive calcium levels in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. By chelating calcium ions in the blood, EDTA can reduce the concentration of calcium in the blood and alleviate symptoms caused by hypercalcemia.
3. Drug intermediates
Synthetic drugs: Ethyleneimine can be synthesized by cyclization of EDTA with formamide, which is a drug mainly used for the treatment of psoriasis. In addition, EDTA can also serve as a stabilizer for certain vaccines and blood anticoagulants, playing an important role in drug synthesis and formulation.
1. Dyeing auxiliaries
Improving coloring rate: In the process of textile printing and dyeing, EDTA, as a dyeing aid, can chelate metal ions in dye molecules, increase the solubility and stability of dyes, thereby improving the coloring rate of dyes on fibers and the color tone and whiteness of printed and dyed textiles.
Improving quality: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can also reduce wastewater and waste generated during the printing and dyeing process, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the quality and feel of printed and dyed textiles.
2. Fiber processing
Improving performance: During the fiber processing, EDTA can chelate metal ions and impurities on the fiber surface, improve the wettability and dispersibility of the fiber, and enhance the processing performance and finished product quality of the fiber.
Other fields
1. Food additive
Antioxidants: EDTA (especially in its sodium salt form) is widely used as an antioxidant in the food industry. It can chelate trace metal ions (such as iron, copper, etc.) in food, preventing these metal ions from catalyzing adverse reactions such as oil oxidation and pigment decomposition in food, thereby extending the shelf life and stability of food. For example, adding EDTA to canned food can prevent the precipitation of glass like crystals (bird droppings) and ensure the quality of processed products.
Quality improver: EDTA can also be used as a quality improver to improve the taste and appearance of food. For example, adding EDTA to Pickled vegetables, cans and other foods can improve the crispness and color of the food and enhance the consumer's eating experience.
2. Agricultural sector
Micro fertilizer production: EDTA and its salts can be used to produce micro fertilizers, providing necessary trace elements (such as iron, zinc, manganese, etc.) for plants. By chelating these trace elements, EDTA can improve the stability and utilization rate of micro fertilizers, promote plant growth and development.
Soil remediation: EDTA can also be used in the field of soil remediation, by chelating heavy metal ions in the soil, reducing the toxicity and pollution of heavy metals to plants, and protecting soil resources and ecological environment.
3. In the field of analytical chemistry
Complexation titration: EDTA is an important indicator that can be used to titrate metals such as nickel and copper. When used, EDTA needs to be used together with ammonia water to function as an indicator. By complexometric titration, the content and concentration of metal ions in the sample can be accurately determined.
Metal masking: In analytical chemistry, EDTA can also be used as a metal masking agent to chelate interfering metal ions in the sample, eliminate their interference and influence on the analysis results, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the analysis.
In 1999, the annual consumption of EDTA in Europe was 35000 tons and 50000 tons in the United States. The Chinese chemical name of "EDTA-2Na" is "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt hydrate", which is used for industry and food. The chemical composition of the two is the same, but the concentration and allowable impurities are different. EDTA-2Na has a wide range of uses. It is one of the antioxidants with the characteristics of chelating metal ions, which means that it is often used in industry, such as cleaning boilers, sometimes also used to treat mercury poisoning, and can be used as food, industry and medical purposes.
Industrial grade
Industry: Clean up heavy metal ions and Ca2+and Mg2+ions.
Soap: It combines with Ca2+and Mg2+ions in hard water to reduce hardness.
Photography: Fe (III) EDTA is used as oxidant.
Textiles: combined with heavy metals.
Oil production: EDTA is added to prevent mineral precipitation.
Milk: Clean the milk bottle.
Nitrogen oxides: waste gas treatment.
Food grade
The purity of food grade EDTA must be more than 99%. It is a widely approved food additive (such as FDA of the United States), an antioxidant and quality improver, and has the functions of preventing oil oxidation, food browning and emulsification.
- Food: As an antioxidant, its role is to chelate metal ions to avoid oxidation of oil.
- Cosmetics: Add EDTA to preserve cosmetics.
- Soda: EDTA can prevent the soda containing ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate from producing carcinogen benzene.
- Water test: test the hardness of water.
Medical grade
Medical grade EDTA can be used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning due to its pure texture. In addition, the blood sample added with EDTA can avoid agglutination during the test.
It is a significant chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H16N2O8 and a molecular weight of 292.24. It is widely recognized as a versatile metal chelating agent, capable of binding to both bivalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium.
EDTA exhibits various biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypercalcemia, and anticoagulant properties. It can reduce metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins and maintain a reducing environment during protein purification, making it useful for the purification and storage of proteins. Additionally, EDTA has been shown to alleviate liver fibrosis and has potential applications in the research of coronary artery disease and neurological disorders.
In practical applications, EDTA is used as a bleaching and fixing agent in photographic processing, a staining auxiliary, a fiber treatment agent, a cosmetic additive, a blood anticoagulant, a detergent, a stabilizer, and an initiator for synthetic rubber polymerization. It is also employed in water treatment, as a chelating agent for emulsions, and to improve the stability of anaerobic adhesives.
Overall, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a highly versatile compound with numerous applications across various industries and research fields, thanks to its unique ability to chelate metal ions and its diverse range of biological activities.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is EDTA used for?
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A chemical that binds certain metal ions, such as calcium, magnesium, lead, and iron. It is used in medicine to prevent blood samples from clotting and to remove calcium and lead from the body.
Is EDTA safe for humans?
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Due to its structure and physicochemical properties, EDTA cannot penetrate the skin. Additionally, it is not considered a skin irritant nor an allergen. It use is considered safe at the low concentrations, which is usually the case when its incorporated in conventional cosmetic formulas.
Is Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid good for skin?
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EDTA is safe for use in cosmetics, and for decades the data is well-reported. At the concentration level as it is used in our products, EDTA is a well-tolerated ingredient and allergic cases are very rare.
How does EDTA treat lead poisoning?
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The chelate complex of calcium and EDTA is used in hte treatment of lead poisoning. Inside the body calcium in the complex is replaced by lead. The more soluble lead- EDTA complex is eliminated in urine.
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