Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H16N2O8. It is a white powder at normal temperature and pressure, odorless, tasteless, colorless crystalline powder, with a melting point of 250 ℃ (decomposition). It is insoluble in ethanol and general organic solvents, slightly soluble in cold water, and soluble in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and ammonia. It can be soluble in more than 5% inorganic acid, ammonia water and 160 phr boiling water. Its alkali metal salt is soluble in water. It is a chelating agent that can combine with divalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+and Fe2+. Because most nucleases and some proteases require Mg2+, they are often used as inhibitors of nucleases and proteases; It can also be used to remove the inhibition of heavy metal ions on enzymes.
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Chemical Formula |
C10H16N2O8 |
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Exact Mass |
292.09 |
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Molecular Weight |
292.24 |
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m/z |
292.09 (100.0%), 293.09 (10.8%), 294.09 (1.6%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.10; H, 5.52; N, 9.59; O, 43.80 |
Analytical Chemistry
In analytical chemistry, EDTA serves as a powerful chelating agent for metal ions. It can form stable complexes with metal ions, keeping them in solution without precipitation. This property is crucial for accurately determining the concentration of metal ions, especially in environmental monitoring, food analysis, and pharmaceutical research.
Water Treatment and Detergents
EDTA is used in water treatment and detergents to remove metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, thereby preventing the formation of water scale. This application is widespread in household cleaning products, laundry detergents, and dishwashing agents, ensuring clean and smooth pipes and surfaces.
Medical Field
In the medical field, EDTA is employed in the treatment of lead and other heavy metal poisoning. By forming stable complexes with heavy metals and excreting them through urine, EDTA acts as a chelating agent to facilitate the removal of heavy metal ions. This process, known as chelation therapy, reduces the toxicity and damage caused by heavy metals to the body.
Industrial Applications
EDTA has numerous industrial applications. It is used to clean boilers by removing heavy metal ions and calcium and magnesium ions. In the textile industry, it binds with heavy metals to prevent staining. In oil production, EDTA prevents the precipitation of minerals. It is also used in milk processing to clean milk bottles and in nitrogen oxide waste gas treatment.
Food Industry
Food-grade EDTA, with a purity of over 99%, is approved as a food additive in many countries, including the United States (FDA). It functions as an antioxidant and quality improver, preventing lipid oxidation, food browning, and facilitating food emulsification. In beverages, EDTA prevents the formation of carcinogenic benzene when ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate are present.
Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
EDTA is added to cosmetics to preserve them by chelating metal ions that can catalyze oxidative degradation.
Blood Testing and Medical Diagnostics
Medical-grade EDTA, due to its purity, is used as an anticoagulant in blood samples to prevent clotting during transportation and testing. It is also used in endodontics to remove organic and inorganic substances during root canal treatment.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
In biochemistry and molecular biology, EDTA is used to prevent the interference of metal ions on enzymes, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.
In 1999, the annual consumption of EDTA in Europe was 35000 tons and 50000 tons in the United States. The Chinese chemical name of "EDTA-2Na" is "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt hydrate", which is used for industry and food. The chemical composition of the two is the same, but the concentration and allowable impurities are different. EDTA-2Na has a wide range of uses. It is one of the antioxidants with the characteristics of chelating metal ions, which means that it is often used in industry, such as cleaning boilers, sometimes also used to treat mercury poisoning, and can be used as food, industry and medical purposes.
Industrial grade
Industry: Clean up heavy metal ions and Ca2+and Mg2+ions.
Soap: It combines with Ca2+and Mg2+ions in hard water to reduce hardness.
Photography: Fe (III) EDTA is used as oxidant.
Textiles: combined with heavy metals.
Oil production: EDTA is added to prevent mineral precipitation.
Milk: Clean the milk bottle.
Nitrogen oxides: waste gas treatment.
Food grade
The purity of food grade EDTA must be more than 99%. It is a widely approved food additive (such as FDA of the United States), an antioxidant and quality improver, and has the functions of preventing oil oxidation, food browning and emulsification.
- Food: As an antioxidant, its role is to chelate metal ions to avoid oxidation of oil.
- Cosmetics: Add EDTA to preserve cosmetics.
- Soda: EDTA can prevent the soda containing ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate from producing carcinogen benzene.
- Water test: test the hardness of water.
Medical grade
Medical grade EDTA can be used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning due to its pure texture. In addition, the blood sample added with EDTA can avoid agglutination during the test.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a significant chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H16N2O8 and a molecular weight of 292.24. It is widely recognized as a versatile metal chelating agent, capable of binding to both bivalent and trivalent metal cations, including calcium.
EDTA exhibits various biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypercalcemia, and anticoagulant properties. It can reduce metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage to proteins and maintain a reducing environment during protein purification, making it useful for the purification and storage of proteins. Additionally, EDTA has been shown to alleviate liver fibrosis and has potential applications in the research of coronary artery disease and neurological disorders.
In practical applications, EDTA is used as a bleaching and fixing agent in photographic processing, a staining auxiliary, a fiber treatment agent, a cosmetic additive, a blood anticoagulant, a detergent, a stabilizer, and an initiator for synthetic rubber polymerization. It is also employed in water treatment, as a chelating agent for emulsions, and to improve the stability of anaerobic adhesives.
Overall, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a highly versatile compound with numerous applications across various industries and research fields, thanks to its unique ability to chelate metal ions and its diverse range of biological activities.
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