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Linalool powder, molecular formula C10H18O, CAS 78-70-6, colorless, flammable, and easily flowing liquid. It belongs to chain terpene alcohols, including two isomers, alpha - and beta -. Colorless liquid with a fragrance of lily of the valley, but the aroma varies depending on the source. Linalool ranks first almost every year among the most commonly used and used spices in the world. But scientists believe that linalool, rich in perfume and other spices, can induce depression, depression and even life-threatening respiratory diseases. The oils with high content include camphor leaf oil, camphor oil, rosewood oil, coriander seed oil, magnolia leaf oil, lavender oil, hawthorn leaf oil, bergamot oil, perilla oil, and numerous flower oils such as jasmine, rose, hawthorn, orange blossom, and ylang ylang ylang. Among the aroma components of green tea, linalool is also ranked first. Today, people worship nature and the fragrance of camphor is popular. Admittedly, the detection of linalool in essence does not mean that the perfumer has added the monomer linalool. It is often because there are natural flavors in essence, which are originally a component of these natural flavors.
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Chemical Formula |
C10H18O |
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Exact Mass |
154 |
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Molecular Weight |
154 |
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m/z |
154 (100.0%), 155 (10.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 77.87; H, 11.76; O, 10.37 |
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Linalool, as one of the most widely used spices in the world, occupies a core position in the spice industry due to its unique aroma and chemical properties. Its annual demand exceeds 21000 tons, and it is widely used in perfume, daily chemicals, food, industrial essence and other fields, known as the "chameleon of essence industry".
It has a complex aroma of lily of the valley and citrus fruit, with a sweet and mellow left-handed side, a fresh right-handed side, and a balanced racemic side. This' plasticity 'makes it a versatile tool for perfumers:
Flower flavor: In essence such as lily, clove and orange flower, it can enhance the sense of nature and hierarchy. For example, 1000 ppm linalool added to rose essence can neutralize the sweetness and dullness of roses and give them a fresh green flavor.
Fruit flavor: Linalool powder is the key ingredient in fruit essence such as blueberry, peach and banana. Blueberry essence needs 3000 ppm linalool to simulate real fruit flavor, while banana essence needs 800 ppm to increase complexity.
Tea flavor: it is the core component of green tea essence. Its green and woody fragrance can restore the freshness of tea, and can build a complete tea flavor system in cooperation with neroliol and geraniol.
Application field: from high-end perfume to daily necessities
(1). Perfume and Personal Care
It is the most frequently used fragrance in perfume formula, especially indispensable in aldehyde fragrance and oriental fragrance. Its low boiling point (198 ℃) makes it a "head spice" that can quickly release aroma and enhance overall transparency. In daily chemical products such as shampoo and shower gel, linalool not only provides a fresh aroma, but also has antibacterial effects, which can extend the shelf life of the product.
(2).Flavorings
It is an FDA certified food additive (FEMA number 2635) widely used in beverages, candies, and baked goods. Adding 500ppm to tomato essence can enhance the sour and sweet taste, while adding 200ppm to aloe essence can neutralize the excessive sweetness of rose flavor. Its safety has passed multiple toxicology tests (oral LD50 in rats is 2.8g/kg) and complies with international food regulations.
(3).Industrial essence
In industrial products such as detergents and soaps, it can mask the irritating odor of chemical raw materials while providing long-lasting fragrance. For example, adding pure camphor leaf oil to the cold blanching solution can not only mask the odor of ammonia water, but also emit natural floral fragrance, significantly improving the user experience.
use
1. Deodorant: It is reported in the patent that aluminum stearate, liquid paraffin, diphenyl ether and linalool are used to make a volatile solid air purifier. Its purification effect is based on the combination of linalool and odorous substances in the air, so as to eliminate indoor uncomfortable odor, and its effectiveness can be maintained for more than three months. Linalool has a strong ability to mask bad odor for disgusting sulfurized hydrocarbons, garlic preparations, and polysulfides. In addition, for the deodorization of excreta, especially human and animal feces, linalool is the main component of these deodorant formulations.
2. Anti caries agent: the experiment shows that the dosage of 0. The addition of linalool with a concentration of 1% to the medium containing 2% sucrose can 100% inhibit streptococcus mutants from converting sucrose to dextran and prevent the formation of dental plaque. It is also reported that the addition of terpene alcohol organic compounds in dental powder can keep the glucanase in dental powder stable and effectively prevent dental plaque.
3. Insecticide:
(1) Effects on mosquitoes, flies, etc.:
The medicine liquid containing 2% linalyl acetate ozone and 98% mineral oil can be smeared on the skin to drive away mosquitoes and flies. It can also be used as repellent for cockroaches, ants, lice, etc. It can also be used in textile materials to repel pests.
The experiment also found that the food containing linalool can significantly reduce the foraging and oviposition of the housefly, because the maggot must parasitize on the body rich in microorganisms to develop, so pregnant female flies will detect and avoid the linalool material with strong antibacterial function to oviposit.
(2) Acaricides:
Linalool has the ability to kill mites, and it is effective for its larvae and adults. It is reported that the anti mite activity test was conducted on the mites stored in Tyrophagus longitude. It is also reported that the formula composed of more than 20 kinds of volatile oil ingredients, such as linalool, has satisfactory effects on dermatophagoides and edible tyrophagus.
5. Catalysis: Another characteristic of camphor alcohol is that it will biotransform under the catalysis of microorganisms. For example, under the catalysis of Aspergillus niger, (R) - (-) - linalool will produce biological transformation to produce trans furan and trans pyran oxidized linalool
2-5 Pigments with high catalytic activity will catalyze the decomposition of linalool powder, and its decomposition products will vary depending on the performance of the pigment. The identified decomposition products include dehydrogenated linalool, such as myrcene, basilene, allorolene, etc., and cyclic products, such as limonene, isoterpinene α- Terpinene, etc., and cymene, which has higher activity among these pigments, is the main reason for the bad smell of some cosmetics containing pigments. From the conversation of the seasoners who have been contacted, we have not yet got enough understanding of this feature.
Dehydrolinalool is caused by the Carbonic ion intermediate formed at the acid site of the pigment, and the cyclization product is formed after allyl rearrangement.
6. Antibacterial effect: Linalool and other terpene compounds have good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Proteus, Mycobacterium enteritidis, Staphylococcus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coccus albus, Aspergillus niger, agar, etc.
It has been reported that Linalool has five times the antibacterial effect of phenol, which is similar to citronellol. Its use in the treatment of acne is based on its antibacterial activity against propionibacterium. Linalool has synergistic effect on the anti streptococcus mutants of urushic acid. Animal experiments showed that the life of chickens infected with ES4 virus could be prolonged by 50-80% if they were fed with one milligram linalool every day.
It is also reported that the terpene ozone produced by passing ozone (O3) through terpenes can be used to treat inflammation, tumors, microbial infections and burns. Linalool ozonates were prepared from ozone through linalool, which showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli in test tubes.
7. Sedative effect: It is reported that the foreign folk have used the volatile oil or plants containing linalool as hypnotic and sedative since ancient times. However, among terpene alcohols, only linalool and α- Terpene alcohol has obvious sedative effect. Linalool was administered to the mice of the experimental model to evaluate its direct psychopharmacological effects. The results showed that the effects of linalool on the central nervous system, including sleep, anti convulsion and hypothermia, increased with the dose. (RS)-(±) linalool, (R)-(-) linalool and (S)-.
8. Other uses:
(1) Improve fat quality:
Linalool powder has been reported in Japan that the oil containing trace linalool and linalyl acetate can be heated at higher than 100 ℃ for a long time, and its smell is better than that of the control group after being fried for a long time. If some derivatives of linalool are used together with vitamin E, they have remarkable synergistic antioxidant effect on lard, palm oil and other oils.
(2) It can stabilize foam:
A small amount of linalool can effectively increase the stability of foam by adding a small amount of linalool to the spray type water-based cleaner containing non-ionic or anionic surfactants.
(3) Aromatic beverages based on tea:
According to the data analysis, the relative content of linalool in the aroma components of tea (green tea) is 19.88%, which is one of the most important aroma components. According to the patent introduction, 250g of tea was extracted with water, diluted to 10L, and added with trace amount of methyl anisate, linalool and other spices. After evaluation, the aroma of tea was stronger than that of untreated tea.
(4) Fungicide:
Linalool and its acetate can inhibit the growth of fungal spores or mycelia, and can be used as fungicide for fungal infection or other antifungal materials.
(5) Animal repellent:
The essence combined with linalool, geraniol, phenylethanol, etc. has a good repellent effect on birds such as sparrows, crows, pigeons, etc.
(6) Masking agent for bad smell of daily chemical products:
Adding 1-5% linalool and its esters to kerosene can be used as deodorant of kerosene for combustion. Adding 0.01-2% linalool to the detergent containing protease can cover up the bad smell of the enzyme preparation. Similarly, when used in bleaching agents containing enzymes, the bleached textiles can have a good smell. Adding terpene essential oil such as linalool into textile softener can also cover up bad smell. Adding 1% linalool or camphor essential oil to the permanent curling agent can remove the bad smell left by curling agent on the hair.
Plants containing linalool powder:
1. It exists in flue-cured tobacco leaves and burley tobacco leaves.
2. The levorosomes are found in essential oils such as camphor oil, safrole oil, bergamot oil, lavender oil, rose wood oil, etc. The dextroid exists in coriander seed oil and orange flower oil. Orange leaf oil and sweet orange oil. Racemes exist in perilla oil and jasmine oil.
3. The mixture of levorosomes and dextromes in Brazilian rosewood oil is more than 85%.
Preparation method:
The essential oils such as aromatic oil, camphor oil, rosewood oil, and galois oil can be used as raw materials, and can be obtained through fractionation or chemical synthesis. There are two main routes to synthesize linalool from turpentine:
1, β- Pinene is pyrolyzed into myrcene, and then linalool is prepared by hydrochloric acid, esterification, saponification and other steps. Other alcohols produced by this method include nerol, geraniol, lauryl alcohol and terpineol. The yield of this method is relatively high.
2, α- Pinene is hydrogenated to pinane, then oxidized to pinane hydroperoxide, reduced to pinane alcohol, and finally pyrolyzed to linalool.
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