Indole Butyric Acid(IBA) is a chemical substance with the molecular formula of C12H13NO2. The pure product is white crystalline solid. It is difficult to dissolve in water, and its solubility in water is 0.25g/L at 20 ℃. It is soluble in benzene and other organic solvents. Its vapor and air can form explosive mixture, which can cause combustion and explosion in case of open fire and high heat. It can react with oxidant. Its vapor is heavier than air, and can diffuse to a relatively far place at a lower place. It will ignite and reburning when it meets the fire source. In case of high heat, the internal pressure of the container will increase, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion. It is a broad-spectrum indole plant growth regulator and a good rooting agent, which can promote the rooting of cuttings of herbaceous and woody ornamental plants. It is often used for root-soaking and transplanting of woody and herbaceous plants, which can accelerate the growth of roots and improve the percentage of plant rooting. It can also be used for seed soaking and seed dressing of plant seeds, which can improve the germination rate and survival rate.
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Chemical Formula |
C12H15NO2 |
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Exact Mass |
205 |
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Molecular Weight |
205 |
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m/z |
205 (100.0%), 206 (13.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 70.22; H, 7.37; N, 6.82; O, 15.59 |
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Indole Butyric Acid(IBA) is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid that is insoluble in water but easily soluble in benzene and some organic solvents. It is stable in neutral and acidic environments. As an endogenous auxin plant growth regulator, its core function is to promote cell division and adventitious root formation, while also regulating flowering, fruiting, and sex differentiation.
1. Promote root development
Root soaking and transplanting: The root soaking concentration for woody plants (such as poplar and grape) is usually 50mg/L, while for herbaceous plants (such as rice and wheat) it is 10-20mg/L. For example, grape cuttings soaked in 150mg/L indole-3-acetic acid for 14 hours can increase rooting rate by 40% and survival rate by over 95%.
Hard branch cuttings: Soaking the base of the cuttings in a solution of 50-100mg/L for 5-8 seconds (fast soaking method) or 6-24 hours (soaking method) can induce the formation of root primordia and promote vascular bundle differentiation. For example, after soaking rose cuttings in a 500mg/L solution, the rooting time was shortened by 3 days and the number of roots increased by 2 times.
2. Seed processing
Soaking and seed mixing: Woody plant seeds (such as pine and fir trees) are usually soaked in a 100mg/L solution for 12 hours, while herbaceous plants (such as corn and peanuts) are mixed with a 10-20mg/L solution. Experiments have shown that the germination rate of corn seeds increases by 15% after treatment, and the stress resistance of seedlings is significantly enhanced.
3. Regulate nutritional growth
Inhibition of top dominance: By spraying 5-10mg/L solution, excessive growth of crops such as rice and wheat can be controlled, reducing plant height by 10-15%, increasing stem thickness by 20%, and enhancing lodging resistance.
Promoting branching and tillering: Applied to fruit trees such as citrus and apple, it can increase the number of lateral branches by more than 30%, form a more reasonable tree crown structure, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
4. Improve yield and quality
Fruit Setting and Falling Prevention: Spraying 250mg/L solution during the flowering period of crops such as tomatoes and peppers can increase the fruit setting rate by 20-30% and reduce the phenomenon of flower and fruit falling. For example, after treatment, the number of fruits per tomato plant increased by 5-8, and the uniformity of fruit was significantly improved.
Improving fruit quality: By adjusting nutrient allocation, the accumulation of sugar in the fruit increases by 1-2 degrees, the content of vitamin C increases by 15%, and the storage and transportation resistance is enhanced.
1. Cuttage propagation
Difficult to root plants: For traditional difficult to cut flowers such as azaleas and camellias, the rooting rate can be increased from less than 30% to over 80% by using a 500-1000mg/L solution rapid soaking method. For example, after treatment, the root growth rate of Rhododendron cuttings is increased by 50%, and the root length is doubled.
Easy rooting plants: For easy rooting varieties such as roses and chrysanthemums, soaking the base with 50-100mg/L solution can further shorten the rooting cycle (from 7 days to 3 days) and increase the number of roots (from 3-5 to 8-10).
2. Tissue culture
Proliferation induction: Adding 0.1-1mg/L indole-3-acetic acid during tissue culture can promote the formation of callus tissue in explants (such as stem tips and leaves) and induce the differentiation of adventitious buds. For example, in orchid tissue culture, the proliferation coefficient of treated explants increases by 2-3 times, and the rooting rate reaches over 90%.
Rooting culture: Using 0.01-0.1mg/L solution during the rooting stage can induce the formation of root primordia, promote the development of the root system of test tube seedlings, and increase the survival rate of transplantation to over 95%.
3. Improved transplantation survival rate
Tree transplantation: For trees with a diameter at breast height of 10cm or more (such as ginkgo and camphor), irrigating the roots with a 50mg/L solution before transplantation can promote new root germination and increase the survival rate from 70% to over 90%.
Potted plants: For succulent plants, foliage plants, etc., watering with 10mg/L solution during pot changing can reduce the slow seedling stage and enable plants to quickly recover growth.
Research field: Molecular probes for plant physiology research
1. Research on the mechanism of action of auxin
As an endogenous auxin analog, indole-3-acetic acid can be used to study auxin signaling pathways (such as AUX/IAA, ARF gene family regulatory network), revealing how it promotes cell elongation by regulating cell wall relaxase activity.
By labeling isotopes (such as ¹⁴ C-indole-butyric acid), the transport pathways (polar and non-polar) of auxin in plants can be traced, elucidating the relationship between auxin distribution and organogenesis.
2. Research on Adversity Physiology
Under adverse conditions such as salt stress and drought stress, indole-3-acetic acid can regulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD and POD), reduce the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and improve plant stress resistance. For example, under salt stress, the MDA content in the leaves of treated corn seedlings decreased by 30%, and the relative conductivity decreased by 20%.
3. Gene function verification
By combining gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, the function of specific genes (such as auxin receptor gene TIR1) in root development can be validated through exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid. For example, Arabidopsis mutants with TIR1 gene knockout showed a significant decrease in sensitivity to indole-3-acetic acid and a 50% reduction in rooting ability.
Indole Butyric Acid(IBA) is an important plant auxin analogue, which can be synthesized through many ways. The following is one of the common
Synthesis routes:
Preparation of indole:
The catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to obtain indole.
Preparation of butyric acid:
After chlorination or bromination of butyric acid, it is heated in the presence of potassium carbonate to obtain 3-butyric acid.
Synthesis of IBA:
Indole and 3-butyric acid are heated in dimethyl formamide (DMF) to form IBA.
It is worth noting that each step of the above route needs to carry out fine condition control and separation and purification process to improve the yield and product purity. In addition, there are other IBA synthesis methods, such as the condensation reaction of indole and 3-bromobutyrate, which can be selected according to specific needs.
Indole Butyric Acid(IBA) is a synthetic analogue of plant growth regulator and plant auxin, which has extensive biological activity and application value.
The following are some reaction properties of IBA:
IBA is an acidic organic compound with pH value between 6.0 and 7.0 in water. Under alkaline conditions, IBA is easy to be hydrolyzed into indole-3-acetic acid and butyric acid, so it is necessary to avoid contact with alkaline substances during storage and use.
IBA can be dissolved in polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol and ester, but its solubility is poor in non-polar solvents (such as n-hexane, ether, etc.).
IBA has certain photosensitivity and can degrade under the action of ultraviolet light or sunlight.
IBA can undergo a series of chemical reactions, such as esterification, amidation, alkylation, etc. Among them, esterification reaction is the most common reaction type of IBA. It can react with alcohol to produce various ester products, such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl and other esters.
In short, as an important plant growth regulator and auxin analogue, IBA has a series of reaction properties, which provide theoretical basis and technical support for its application in agriculture, horticulture and other fields.
What are the side effects of this compound?
1.The impact of IBA on plants
Promote rooting
IBA can stimulate the rooting of plant cuttings, which is its main and positive effect. IBA can help improve the survival rate and growth rate of cuttings by promoting root development.
Growth regulation
In addition to rooting, IBA may also have other regulatory effects on plant growth and development. These effects may vary depending on the plant species, growth stage, and IBA concentration.
Potential environmental impacts
When IBA is overused or mishandled, it may cause pollution to soil and water bodies. Although IBA degrades relatively quickly in natural environments, long-term or extensive use may still have adverse effects on ecosystems.
2.Potential risks associated with the use of IBA
The impact on soil microorganisms
Excessive use of IBA may alter the structure and function of soil microbial communities, thereby affecting the stability of soil ecosystems. This impact may manifest as a decrease in the number of microorganisms, a reduction in diversity, or the disappearance of specific functional microorganisms.
Effects on non target plants
IBA may enter the surrounding environment through leaching, runoff, and other pathways, causing adverse effects on non target plants. These effects may include growth inhibition, physiological dysfunction, etc.
Residual issues
Although IBA has a relatively fast metabolism and degradation rate in plants, in some cases, it may remain in plant tissues or soil for a long time. These residues may have adverse effects on subsequent plant growth or soil utilization.
3.Precautions for using IBA
Moderate use
To avoid potential risks of IBA, it is recommended to strictly control the dosage during use. Excessive use not only increases costs, but may also have adverse effects on plants and the environment.
Correct handling method
The IBA container and waste liquid after use should be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations to avoid environmental pollution. At the same time, attention should be paid to preventing IBA solution from splashing into the eyes or skin to avoid irritation or injury.
Monitoring and evaluation
After using IBA, regular monitoring and evaluation of plant growth should be conducted. If abnormal plant growth or environmental pollution is found, measures should be taken in a timely manner for adjustment and treatment.
4.Safety assessment of plant growth regulators
Toxicity assessment
Toxicity assessment is the basis for the safety evaluation of plant growth regulators. Through acute toxicity tests, subchronic toxicity tests, chronic toxicity tests, etc., the toxic effects and degree of plant growth regulators on organisms can be understood. These experiments usually include animal experiments and cell culture experiments.
Residual analysis
Residue analysis is an important means of evaluating the residual levels of plant growth regulators in agricultural products. Through modern analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, the residual amount of plant growth regulators in agricultural products can be accurately determined to evaluate whether they meet food safety standards.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impact assessment is a crucial step in evaluating the impact of plant growth regulators on ecosystems. This includes evaluating the migration, transformation, and degradation processes of plant growth regulators in soil, water, and atmosphere, as well as their impact on the structure and function of biological communities.
Risk assessment
Risk assessment is a comprehensive consideration of factors such as toxicity, residue levels, and environmental impacts of plant growth regulators, to assess their potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Through risk assessment, scientific basis can be provided for formulating standards and regulatory policies for the use of plant growth regulators.
FAQ
What is an IBA used for?
Aside from accelerating root formation, it is used on various crops to stimulate flower development and the growth of fruits. This ultimately increases crop yields. Historically, products that contained IBA were used to protect plants during transplantation by stimulating root growth and decreasing shock.
What is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)?
Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is defined as an auxin precursor that induces root initiation in various plants and plays a role in regulating auxin homeostasis through its transport and conversion to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
What is the difference between IAA and IBA?
IAA interactions guide the essential patterning underlying every plant's form and function. Meanwhile, IBA provides a tool to refine this natural signaling for cultivation.
What is the role of IBA?
IBA was formed on September 26th, 1946 for development, coordination and strengthening of Indian banking, and assist the member banks in various ways including implementation of new systems and adoption of standards among the members.
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