Sulfamic Acid Powder CAS 5329-14-6

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Sulfamic acid powder, chemically known as sulfamidic acid, is an important inorganic solid acid that is structurally derived from sulfuric acid by replacing one hydroxyl group with an amino group. Its molecular formula is NH₂SO₃H, and it is assigned the CAS registry number 5329-14-6. In its physical appearance, it typically presents as white rhombic crystals or a white crystalline powder, characterized by being odorless, non-volatile, and notably non-hygroscopic under normal conditions.

This compound exhibits a distinctive solubility profile: it is readily soluble in water and liquid ammonia, forming aqueous solutions that are highly ionized and exhibit strong acidity comparable to mineral acids like hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. However, it is only slightly soluble in methanol and practically insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. Due to its solid form and strong acidic nature in solution, it is often referred to as "solid sulfuric acid," offering the practical advantages of being non-volatile, odorless, and possessing relatively low toxicity to humans compared to liquid mineral acids.

Under standard ambient temperatures, solid sulfamic acid remains stable and non-hygroscopic as long as it is kept in a dry environment and protected from moisture contact. Nevertheless, it is essential to handle it with care, as its dust or concentrated solutions can be irritating to the eyes and skin, with the potential to cause burns upon prolonged exposure.

The versatility of sulfamic acid makes it a valuable raw material across multiple industrial sectors. It is utilized in the preparation of herbicides, as a component in fire retardant formulations, in the production of artificial sweeteners, as a preservative, and extensively in metal cleaning and descaling agents due to its ability to remove rust and limescale efficiently without excessive corrosion of base metals. Its broad applicability underscores its status as a common and essential compound intermediate in modern manufacturing and processing industries.

 

1. Cleaning agent:

Sulfamic acid powder cleaning agent is widely used for cleaning boilers, condensers, heat exchangers, jackets and compound pipelines. It is used in the brewery to remove the scale layer on the glass-lined storage tank, pot, open beer cooler and beer barrel; Clean the evaporator of the enamel factory and the equipment of the paper mill; In terms of air conditioning, rust and scale of cooling system and evaporative condenser can be removed; It can be used to remove algae and scale in seawater evaporator (distillation equipment), heat exchanger and brine heater;

 

It can clean the scale of copper pots, radiators, tableware washing mechanism, silverware, water closets, ceramic tiles, food and cheese processing equipment; It can remove the protein deposited on the digester and the deposit on the disinfectant used in fresh meat, vegetables and cheese processing plants. The United States Department of Agriculture permits the use of amidosulfonova as an acid cleaner in fresh meat, poultry, rabbits and egg processing enterprises.

2. Textile sector:

Amidosulfonova can be used as the elimination agent of nitrite in the diazotization reaction surplus in the dye sector, the color fixative for textile dyeing, and form a fireproof layer on the textile fabric. It can also be used to make yarn cleaner and other auxiliaries in the textile sector.

 

4. Petroleum sector:

Amidosulfonova can be used to remove the plugging of oil reservoir and improve the permeability of oil reservoir. Inject amidosulfonova solution into carbonate reservoir. Because amidosulfonova is easy to react with reservoir rocks, it can avoid the deposition of salt generated by reaction. The treatment cost is slightly higher than that of hydrochloric acid, but the oil production is doubled. The United States uses 48.5% potassium glycoacetate and 3.4% sulfamic acid. The gypsum scale layer in the oil well casing is cleaned with 0.1-3% aqueous solution of wetting agent, and the treatment time is about 30 hours.

 

3. Paper sector:

Amidosulfonova can be used as a bleaching agent to reduce or eliminate the catalytic action of heavy metal ions in the bleaching liquor, thus ensuring the quality of the bleaching liquor, reducing the oxidative degradation of metal ions on the fiber, preventing the peeling reaction of the fiber, and improving the strength and whiteness of the pulp.

 

5. Agriculture:

Amidosulfonova and ammonium sulfamate were originally developed as herbicides. It is said that when they are directly applied to plants, they have the effect of contacting with toxic agents; When applied to the soil, it has a male killing effect.

6. Electroplating solution:

Amidosulfonova is generally used for gold or alloy plating. The plating solution for gold, silver and gold-silver alloy plating contains 60-170 g of amidosulfonova per liter of water. The typical electroplating solution for silver-plated female clothing needle is 125 g amidosulfonova per liter of water, which can obtain a very bright silver plating surface. Alkali metal sulfamate, ammonium sulfamate or sulfamate can be used as conductive and buffering compounds in the new aqueous gold plating bath.

 

When recovering from nickel plating waste liquor, cation exchange resin is used for adsorption and treatment, and then amino sulfonic acid is used to clean the resin, so that the adsorbed resin can be desorbed and the resin can be regenerated. For example, for the treatment of 400 ppmNi electroplating waste liquid, 50 ml of 150 g/L amidosulfonova is used, and the recovered (NH2SO3) is 2112 g/L, and NiSO4148 g/L. When repairing nickel-plated parts, nickel plating is required on nickel, and 100 g/L amidosulfonova can be used for anode treatment. Before nickel plating, the nickel plating surface shall be cleaned with 0.003~0.1 gram of amidosulfonova solution.

The content of aminosulfonic acid in copper plating bath is 3~20 L, and the function of aminosulfonic acid is to make the coating fine and ductile, and its viscosity is high.

 

When plating iridium, NH2SO3H/Ir ≥ 7, the iridium coating obtained has no crack, the thickness of iridium layer is 15 microns, and the adhesive force is large. This product has good activity in automatic anti-pollution equipment.

When rhodium-rhenium alloy is plated on silverware and electrical components, the amidosulfonova content in the electrolyte is 100 g/L. When the thickness of the coating is ≤ 5 μ m, it has very high hardness and strong corrosion resistance, and the coating is very bright and beautiful.

The bright and beautiful rhodium-rhenium electric coating on brass has high hardness and corrosion resistance. The plating solution contains 100 g/L of amidosulfonova, 50 g/L of concentrated sulfuric acid, 2 g/L of rhodium (such as sulfate), 0.05 g/L of rhenium (such as K3N (RuCl4H2O2) 2). At 65 ℃ and 1~2 A/dm2, the deposition rate is 3~4 mg/A/min.

 

Italy has used lead sulfamate bath instead of fluorosilicic acid bath to reduce pollution. It has a variety of uses in the anti-corrosion aluminum sector. The product has good luster and excellent processing performance.

7. Compound preparation analysis:

In organic preparation , sulfamic acid powder is a solid acid that is cheap and easy to obtain and has good stability. It has good catalytic effect on esterification reaction with acid and does not corrode equipment. At the same time, it is also the raw material for manufacturing synthetic sweeteners, herbicides, flame retardants, preservatives, etc. The product with purity above 99.9% can also be used as the standard solution of acid during alkali titration.

The history of sulfamic acid dates back to 1836, when Ross first prepared the compound by reacting lead sulfite with hydrogen sulfide. Several decades later, in 1878, Bergeron successfully produced a relatively pure form of sulfamic acid. However, it was not until the late 1930s that researchers began to seriously focus on experimental studies aimed at its industrial production. This interest grew significantly in the 1950s, as the expanding application scope of sulfamic acid spurred further development in its manufacturing technology. The first major breakthrough in commercialization occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States achieved industrial production for the first time, establishing a plant with a capacity of 1,000 tons. Around the same period, in the 1970s, China also began its own experimental research, primarily developing a process that used urea and herbicides as raw materials to produce sulfamic acid.

Compound properties of sulfamic acid powder:

Aminosulfonic acid can be made into extremely pure crystals that are stable at room temperature. Its aqueous solution has the same strong acidity as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, also known as solid sulfuric acid. Aminosulfonic acid is a bifunctional substance with amino and sulfonic groups, which can carry out many compound reactions related to it.

1. Decomposition reaction: In a dry environment at normal temperature, amidosulfonova is relatively stable. As long as it does not contact with water, the solid is not hygroscopic. It decomposes at high temperature and releases oxides of nitrogen and sulfur.

2HSO₃NH₂=SO₂+SO₃+N₂+2H₂+H₂O

2. Reaction with metal: Amidosulfonova can react with metal to form salt and hydrogen, but react with more active metal, one hydrogen of amino acid can be replaced to form bimetallic salt.

2HSO₃NH₂+Zn=Zn(SO₃NH₂)₂+H₂

HSO₃NH₂+2Na=NaSO₃NHNa+H₂

3. React with metal oxides, hydroxides and salts:

2HSO₃NH₂+FeO=Fe(SO₃NH₂)₂+H₂O

4. Reaction with nitrite and nitrate: Amidosulfonova can be rapidly oxidized by nitrite and nitrate.

HNO₃+HSO₃NH₂=H₂SO₄+N₂O+H₂O₂

HNO₂+HSO₃NH₂=H₂SO₄+N₂+H₂O

5. Reaction with oxidant: Amidosulfonova can be oxidized by hypochloric acid, but not by chromic acid, potassium permanganate and ferric chloride.

KClO₃+2HSO₃NH₂=₂H₂SO₄+KCl+N₂+H₂O

2HOCl+HSO₃NH₂=HSO₃NCl₂+2H₂O

6. Reaction with alcohol and phenol:

HSO₃NH₂+ROH→ROSO₂ONH₄

HSO₃NH₂+C₆H₅OH→C₆H₅OSO₂ONH₄

7. Reacts with amines and amides:

HSO₃NH₂+RNH₂→ RNH₃SO₃NH₂

HSO₃NH₂+C₆H₅CONH₂→C₆H₅CONHSO₃NH₄

8. Generation of complex: Amidosulfonova reacts with sodium sulfate to form amidosulfonova complex.

6HSO₃NH₂+5Na₂SO₄=6HSO₃NH₂+5Na₂SO₄+15H₂O

9. Hydrolysis reaction: When the amidosulfonova aqueous solution is heated to more than 60 ℃, it will be hydrolyzed into sulfate.

HSO₃NH₂+H₂O=NH₄HSO₄

10. In organic preparation, amidosulfonova is often used as a solid acid to catalyze or participate in various organic reactions, such as phenol and β- Pechmann condensation reaction of ketone ester, Beckmann rearrangement reaction of oxime, intramolecular or intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction, etc.

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